Threes or Twos?
(The Study of Threes)
http://threesology.org
At the beginning of this third page, let me momentary digress by interjecting some playful notions about the pattern-of-eight and then a pattern-of-two, just for fun:
Quite recently I had to recheck the firing order of an old Dodge 318 C.I. engine after changing the spark plugs over a two day period due to interruptions, as a precaution against the possibility of having grabbed the wrong wire (since I had taken all the plugs out at the same time for reasons I don't care to get into.) I was reminded of the 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2 firing order (which is the same as a Chevy's) while looking at the "8" value of the so-called Chinese Trigrams. Since there are two sets that are flip-flopped mirror images of one another, I will count them as singular representations, leaving us with a quantity of six different positions, which, in this analogy would be equated with a six-cylinder engine.
While there are still many V-8 engines to be found in America, they are slowly going by way of the Dinosaur. The Chen-/-Kan images are in the 2/4 positions and the Sun-/-Tui are in the 6/8 positions. In terms of piston placement where the odd and even-numbered pistons are on separate sides, the 2/4 and 6/8 positions are exclusively set on the even-numbered side. On a Dodge or Chevy, this is the passenger, as opposed to driver's side. I am not trying to make some profound point, but bring up the "8-value" correlation in the event a reader has future experiences they may want to associate with this information, purely as a mental exercise as one might do when engaged in some other task.
Another two-patterned structure some may want to view as an analogy to the 1 and 2 line association of monad and dyad, is in the usage of dots and dashes in Morse Code, or as will be discussed quite soon, the zeros and ones used in basic computing (the latter based on the present limitations of electronic on/off electronic circuitry and sometimes referred to as a binomial language). Whereas various combinatorial arrangements are used to describe letters of the alphabet, numbers, and other symbols, they don't progress beyond a basic two-patterned configuration. While we attempt to compensate for this cognitive limitation through a system of philosophical maneuvers called boolean logic, we still do not progress beyond the singular usage of zeros and ones. This limitation may be based on our limitation for using the electron (hence, "electr-on-icity") or may describe an unyielding cognitive dependence on a dual structure which influences us to use an on/off form of circuitry.
As a humorous anecdote to the usage of the dots and dashes in Morse Code, my interest in the Sun as a billion year old biological/genetic influence tried to imagine it as might a pristine biological/genetic component have been "imprinted" by it in its accelerated momentum due to an increased revolving rotation rate of the early Earth. I chuckled after I had seen the intense biologically affecting "spot" of dawn as a dot, the noon "spot" as another dot and dusk as a third "spot," coupled with the intervals in-between as dashes; giving me the formula "dot dash dot dash dot." In Morse code terminology, it read "End of Message." In fact, its demise will be the end message for all life.
In this example we are using two items (dots and dashes) to construct a pattern-of-three but it is not a three-patterned image, if I may be permitted to invert the same words to imply another representative model.
The human mind very often devises electronic structures requiring the usage of three supporting points though there is an underlying two-patterned significance. Take for example a two-button mouse, not including to count the scroll wheel, if so equipped. If one were turn the mouse over to remove the rubber-like ball, they would see three wheels. The wheel on the thumb side controls the horizontal or from side-to-side movement of the cursor, while the top wheel controls the vertical or up-and-down movement of the cursor. The other wheel is used purely in a supportive role. Whereas someone with a penchant for collecting patterns-of-three may emphasize the three wheels, a person with a penchant for collecting patterns-of-two may emphasize the horizontal/vertical distinctions. A person interested in a pattern--of-five collection may combine both comments.
A typical household on/off switch, in the present age, in America, uses a three---wire connection. One black, one white, and one ground. Several decades ago, a two--wire system was employed. Numerous accidents involving shocks made the need for a grounding wire particularly advisable. The basis for modern computing is based upon this on/off switching mechanism, even though it takes place on a very fast rate, as measured in our present modern terms. Computing is made possible by electricity which is made possible by the electron, from which the word "electronics" is derived. Interestingly, the electron is one of three basic components of an atom, namely, the Neutron, the Proton and the Electron. The Neutron has a neutral charge, the Proton has a Positive charge, and the electron has a Negative charge, which to some observers should be named a Negatron or Obitron, the latter being a reference to its behavior in the nucleus of an atom and the particle responsible for the flow of electricity.
In the most general terms a computer is a device that calculates a result ("output") from one or more initial items of information ("input"). Inputs and outputs are usually represented in (two-patterned) binary terms---i.e., in strings of 0s and 1s--- and the values of 0 and 1 are realized in the machine by the presence or absence of a current (of electricity, or water, or light, etc.,). When the output is a completely determined function of the input, the connection between a computer and the two-valued logic of propositions is immediate, for a valid argument can be constructed as a partial function of the truth values of the premises such that when the premises each have the value true, so does the conclusion.
One of the simplest computers has one input, either 0 or 1 (i.e., a current of some type that is either off or on), and one output, namely, the reverse of the input. That is, when 0 is input, 1 is output, and, conversely, when 1 is input, 0 is output. This is also the behavior of the truth function negation (~p) when applied to the truth values true and false. Thus a circuit element that behaves in such a way is called a NOT gate. When no current is input from the left, a current flows out on the right, and, conversely, when a current flows in from the left, none is output to the right:
| The NOT operation truth table: | |
| A | !A |
| True | False |
| False | True |
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NOT.html
Similarly, devices with two inputs and one out put correspond in behavior to the truth functions conjunction (p · q) and disjunction (p V q). Specifically, in an AND gate, current flows out to the right only when current is present in both inputs; otherwise there is no output:
| The binary AND operator truth table: | ||
| A | B | A Ù B |
| True | True | True |
| True | False | False |
| False | True | False |
| False | False | False |
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AND.html
In an OR gate, current is output when a current is present in either or both of the inputs are on the left:
| The binary OR operator truth table: | ||
| A | B | A Ú B |
| True | True | True |
| True | False | True |
| False | True | True |
| False | False | False |
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/OR.html
Other truth functional connectives are easily constructed using combinations of these gates. In other words, just as we find in the construction of proteins, a larger more complex formula can be designed by using the first three primary types. For example, the conditional, p É q is represented by the symbol in the following image. There is no output if there is input from p ("p" is true) and none from q ("q" is false):
Let us look at some other forms of combinations such as...
The NAND-gate:
| The binary NAND operator truth table: | ||
| A | B |  |
| True | True | False |
| True | False | True |
| False | True | True |
| False | False | True |
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NAND.html
The XOR-gate:
| The binary XOR operator has the following truth table: | ||
| A | B |  |
| True | True | False> |
| True | False | True |
| False | True | True |
| False | False | False |
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/XOR.html
The XNOR-gate:
| The XNOR "two argument" truth table: | ||
| A | B | A XNOR B |
| True | True | True |
| True | False | False |
| False | True | False |
| False | False | True |
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/XNOR.html
Remember the child's game of Fish? Where you try to select, from other players, the same number that you have in your hand in order to collect it into a pile and the one with the biggest pile of cards when all the cards have been selected, wins the game? Though the following is not that elaborate, it still has, as a "rule," the provision of making numerical similarities amongst different numbers from different "players" (subjects). However in this exercise, you can't go fish from a pile of unused cards, but you could increase the pool of "players." (Unless the unused pile of cards are to be interpreted as player/subjects.)
In music: we have a "2" with respect to minor/major; a "3" with respect to the triadic structure; a "4" with respect to major/minor~ diminished/augmented. (a "7" value is garnered from a combination.)
In genetics: (RNA/DNA) or Purines= {2 fused rings: Adenine, Guanine} or Pyrimidines= {1 ring: Cytosine, Thymine} 4 varieties of nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine. (A "7" value is garnered from a combination.)
In addition, for the simple sake of inclusion:
- Adenine + Thymine = 2 hydrogen bonds
- Guanine + Cytosine = 3 hydrogen bonds
- (???) + (???) = 1 hydrogen bond??? (½ + ½?)
In physics we find the "2" in matter/anti-matter; the "3" in the three families of fundamental particles, three basic particles, three quarks, etc...; the "4" in the out-dated concept of four fundamental forces of nature, though there are some who still prefer to hold on to a "four" concept, and a "7" can be garnered by combination.
At this point it's time to take down the "gone fishing" sign in order to get ready to go home, in a manner of speaking, namely, by providing a concluding references to the "three" since the journey from the biads/triads discussion has led us here by way of a mult-variant approach.
3-patterned formulas used by humanity in different disciplines with varying symbols may be an expression of an evolutionary developmental change taking place with some humans. When we expand our application of this pattern to include nuclear formulas for energy production, we find the following "3-patterned" (D~T~He4) formula which would produce the most energy output per energy input with respect to Hydrogen power:
| Names for hydrogen species | General | 1H | 2H | 3H |
| Atom (H) | hydrogen | protium | deuterium | tritium |
| Cation (H+) | hydron | proton | deuteron | triton |
| Anion (H-) | hydride | protide | deuteride | tritide |
| Group (-H) | hydro | protio | deuterio | tritio |
| Transfer of cation to substrate | hydronation | protonation | deuteronation | tritonation |
| Replacement of hydrogen by a specific isotope | protiation | deuteriation (or deuteration) |
tritiation |
http://www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/iubmb/newsletter/misc/proton.html
Notice that there is no supplemental letter used for the He4, but that the 2H and 3H have the letters D and T, respectively, just like there are separate words for the three sizes of small~medium~large, but beyond large, there is not a separately designated label...only a re-usage of the word "large" in the sense of X-large~ XX-large~ XXX-large.
It is clear that a 2, 3, 4 and "seven"-teen is being expressed. (And a "9" value is gained from a combination of 2 + 3 + 4 = 9. (For those who wish to add the n + 1.70 to this numerological excursion equation, we get (using a shorthand method): 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 1.70 = 18 = 1 + 8 = 9.)
Note: I arrived at n = 1 arbitrarily. If we associate the letter with a strict numerological association, the letter n = 14 because of its placement in the alphabet. By adding the 1 + 4 of the "14" we can arrive at 5, but by leaving it intact for use in a long-hand method of equation: 2 + 3 + 4 + 14 + 1.70 = 24.70 = 2 + 4 + 7 + 0 = 13 = 1 + 3 = 4. It is clear that by including or excluding various letters in the equation, we can arrive at different "answers" to suit any preconceived inclination.
Let us now look at the "3-patterned" (Carbon~Hydrogen~Oxygen) equation for photosynthesis:
By adopting a parallel exchange of symbols amongst the different academic disciplines with respect to the triadic structures, there may be a possible derivative defined that gives an expression to an underlying representation of inclusiveness for generating a formulaic model that can be applied to such things as computer design. In effect, we will move away from the binary operational model now being used and progress into a trinary model which may be more beneficial for creating the basis of an artificial consciousness. In our own modern sense, we will have developed our own "music of the spheres" philosophy that has a much broader application.
Are amino acids the notes of a key board specific only to Earth, or notes to a key board applicably resonate throughout the Universe, as is presently conceived? Is the human genome project merely 1 type of musical manuscript? In parallel, all the above tables, in their own way, may be extremely superficial examples of scrambled representations of underlying sequences that, if unraveled, will help to produce a type of musical notation that could be used to construct a type of "keyboard" from which could be "sprouted" the renditions of different forms of life? Different forms of basic chemicals? Different forms of atomic energy? Different forms of mass destruction weapons?
And by parallel equivalent, what is the "music" of the human genome if the triplet sequences of amino acids could be translated into musical triad configurations? Is it this "song" that is pervasive throughout the Universe, or is it a unique composition specific to this time and place, (cosmologically speaking) which must be used as a "message" to sent out into space using the Very Large Array (VLA) of radio antennas as speakers? Can the VLA antennas be used as speakers to blast the "song" of humanity into space, or must a different form of "speaker system" be designed to transmit the "musical triads" of the human genome? Perhaps it is some other Earth-based life form's "genetic musical composition" that will be tuned into by some extra-terrestrial species, because they will recognize it as the very basis of their own from which they evolved into a conscious species?
Will any Earth-based life form's "genetic musical composition" be appealing to any Extra-terrestrial that may exist elsewhere? Do other beings talk, hear, see, feel, think, etc., in triadic formulas that are more expressive than any form of vocal expression existing on Earth? So what is the song of the human genome? Who will be the first musician to unravel the notes of the human genome sequence and play the song of human identity... all the while being cognizant that such a song may be an old refrain not sung elsewhere in the Universe anymore? Is the "song" of the human genome nothing more than a short witless ditty sporadically made-up like some drunken sailor's murmurings in a dark alley? Or a drunken sailor who is puking their guts out due to being sea sick on a white-capped ocean?
Or is the human genome "song" the equivalent of some rebellious rock and roll tune? Or is it the one and only song that has ever been and will ever be written in the Universe because it is a serendipitously occurring mutation that required certain conditions to produce the results, and those conditions will never arise again because human memory does not and will never last long enough to know otherwise?
However, if humanity is able to create some form of musical composition from the amino acid sequences in the human genome and blast the song into space, those Extra-terrestrial creatures that hear the "music to our ears," may not find it appealing, and in fact may feel threatened by it to the extent of sending out a intergalactic police car to issue a complaint. And the complaint may be that we humans have broken some Inter-galactic law of disturbing the peace, which is punishable by extermination. If we humans apologize and claim we were not aware of such a law, we might very well be met with the response: "Ignorance of the law is no defense," just before the verdict of extinction is carried out.
One reference to logic can be found at: --- Chaminade OAC Philosophy: Logic Notes ---
http://www.tcdsb.org/external/schools/chaminade/oac-philosophy/public_html/logicnotes.htm
Page Originated: Wednesday, 14th December 2011... 6:21 AM
Latest Update: Wednesday, 11th April 2018... 9:19 AM
Your Questions or Comments are welcomed:
Herb O. Buckland
(herbobuckland@hotmail.com}