~ From a Bicameral to a Tricameral Consciousness ~
(The Study of Threes)
http://threesology.org
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This is not a confession of madness, but a discussion about the human mind in development towards what may be considered a "Third Consciousness" (Tricameral consciousness) however simplistic this labeling may be to an accomplished actual state of activity which may ensue from our present traditions of cognitive activity.
- In terms of our ancestral lineage, whether or not you feel or think that there is any connection to earlier bi-pedal forms of creatures, their state of mentality can be called the first "Consciousness." It describes a type of awareness a bit more complex than simple photo-, or other forms of tropism found in plants. In terms of functionality, their brains acted as a whole... a "Mono-cameralism."
- As the human brain developed, later bi-pedal forms began to experience varying degrees of a brain undergoing a "compartmentalized division," (meiosis and mitosis comes to mind), thereby exhibiting a "Bi-cameralism." We call these latter bipedal creatures homo sapiens though other earlier forms may have experienced a touch of this as well. No doubt there were instances of developmental brain overlap unless we want to suggest that each successive generation of humans simply makes a "poof, shazam, or abracadabra" appearance without any connection whatsoever to a former hominid representation. (Creationists often have trouble with accepting a "common descent" theoretical application.) Eventually, we should hope, theological minds will come to appreciate the fallacy of their logic with regards to off-handedly dismissing any possible form of inter-connectivity amongst the various "homonoid" species. [In other words, the different species have to come from somewhere, unless you prefer to believe in the stork, aliens, Atlantis, inter-dimensional rift, inter-galactic time-travel, etc...]
For example, A brain undergoing a development in speech and other "localizations" experiences the growing pains which ensue due to compartmentalized segregation.
The later bipedal creatures are referred to as homo sapiens sapiens, of which we of the present are a part of. However, just because we share indistinguishable external similarities to homo sapiens and homo sapiens sapiens of the past, does not mean there have not been internal differences, such as brain functionality, that are not easily identifiable regardless of how many brain casts are made. Even today, with our so-called advanced brain imaging techniques, thousands of brains can be defined as "normal," but each individual's thoughts are unique to them, particularly when we account for culturally imposed instances of similarity and sameness. No doubt developmental overlaps have and are taking place resulting in wide variations of definitions describing normal, sub-normal and super-normal (if not super-abnormal).
- The next generation of humans might well be referred to as homo sapiens sapiens sapiens, thus describing a third, or Tricameral form of consciousness (which I refer to as consciously acknowledged awareness) that we can speculate is already being experienced by some in an "overlapping" fashion with their homo sapiens sapiens roots.
The idea of a "Third Consciousness" sprung from information accumulated from diverse subject areas, one of which was the work by Julian Jaynes, specifically outlined in his book "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind." In short and simplistically, it refers to the characters in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey (circa 850 BC) as hearing the voices of one or more gods due to a difference in brain activity, if not underlying structural formation as well, perhaps in the sense that inter-connectivity amongst brain processes were in a developmental state (and some believe is the present case as well). It suggests the existence of a schizophrenic-like perspective which prevailed at the time as a cultural norm amongst the people and was therefore not recognized as bizarre, strange, weird or some type of mental illness (that some have suggested is presently represented in various business, government and religious models). Whether or not every single person exhibited such a mental state is up for debate, but it did exist amongst some important people according to Homer's account. However, let us be circumspect and not focus primarily on the ancient Greeks as having any particular monopoly for exhibiting this particular mental state. Let us suspect it was a world-wide phenomena that was (and in most respects is) taken for granted as normal behaviour.
For me, Julian Jaynes' book was delightful reading and particularly insightful by providing a narrative to perceptions that many of us no doubt have encountered from our own intellectual pursuits, but fail to develop into some coherent explicated appreciation that we can share with others of our sapient (but humble) ilk. Although I made an attempt to correspond with him, he had, unfortunately, passed away. Nonetheless, I will make an attempt to share with you some of my own ideas that you can mix and match with your own. However, as a caveat, let me say that I "slightly" diverge from Professor Jaynes' idea in that whereas he suggested a "Bicameral" mind in terms of differentiating a sort of two-brains-in-one configuration (not to be taken literally), I shall outline a three-part "Tricameral" differentiation of perspective, regardless of how the brain may have or have not been internally configured.
According to a Wikipedia citation about --- Bicameralism ---, the psychiatrist Iain McGilchrist, in his book The Master and His Emissary (ISBN 0300168925, paperback), says that Jayne's hypothesis was "the precise inverse of what happened" and that rather than a shift from Bicameralism there evolved a separation of the hemispheres. This may then suggest a rudimentary form of Corpus Callosum and a brain that began with a "Monocameralism." While casts of skulls do not today readily provide any indication of this, an understanding of how present research in the Corpus Callosum's role as an intermediary between present day brain hemispheres may be of value in helping us to unravel some glimpse as to how a developing brain may have produced a whole different world view to people in past ages. In order to do so, it is necessary to appreciate that early human brains, even just a few thousand years ago may have been internally structured different than what we of today consider "normal."
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Excitation or Inhibition? Juliana S. Bloom and George W. Hynd The corpus callosum is the major neural pathway that connects homologous cortical areas of the two cerebral hemispheres. The nature of how that inter-hemispheric connection is manifested is the topic of this review; specifically, does the corpus callosum serve to communicate an inhibitory or excitatory influence on the contralateral hemisphere? Several studies take the position that the corpus callosum provides the pathway through which a hemisphere or cortical area can inhibit the other hemisphere or homologous cortical area in order to facilitate optimal functional capacity. Other studies suggest that the corpus callosum integrates information across cerebral hemispheres and thus serves an excitatory function in inter-hemispheric communication. This review examines these two contrasting theories of inter-hemispheric communication. Studies of callosotomies, callosal agenesis, language disorders, theories of lateralization and hemispheric asymmetry, and comparative research are critically considered. The available research, no matter how limited, primarily supports the notion that the corpus callosum serves a predominantly excitatory function. There is evidence, however, to support both theories and the possibility remains that the corpus callosum can serve both an inhibitory and excitatory influence on the contralateral hemisphere. |
...and what if, during the age of the Iliad and Odyssey, the human brain literally functioned differently, or the same as today but with slightly primitive features which created manifest conditions of "hearing voices" that received a culture-wide approval of being the voices of one or more gods and were not interpreted as brain dysfunction as some are defining today? If other biological forms can undergo developmental maturation, then the human can likewise play a part in this.
Hence, the brain has/is following a 1- 2- 3 maturational development trek... From Monocameralism to Bicameralism to Tri cameralism. The latter of which I hypothesize about in terms of a three-part developing perspective involving Awareness, Acknowledged Awareness, and Consciously Acknowledged Awareness. This 1- 2- 3 trek has similar quantitative counterparts in:
- Germ layer quantity: From simple organisms with one layer to more complex organisms with two layers and then to the complex human form with three layers (Endoderm- Mesoderm- Ectoderm).
- Protein structures: Primary- Secondary- Tertiary conformations, with a composite of these referred to as the Quaternary.
- Three developmental brain processes: [simplified] Reptilian, Old Mammalian, New Mammalian (Triune brain theory of Paul D. MacLean's is: R-complex, Limbic, Neocortex).
- Three words for numerical quantities: In humanity's development of (number) words for numerical quantities, there was a recurrence of three number words. In their own language equivalent way, different cultures used "One" for the quantity 1, "two" for the quantity 2, and any quantity more than 2 was referred to as "Many." Hence, such a usage represents an underlying 1- 2- 3 developmental cognitive organization.
It is interesting to note that while some readers readily accept the notion of cross- cultural influences of developmental progression, few apply this same idea to underlying brain or other physiological processes.
The three-patterned title of this "Humanity's Third Consciousness" section refers to the phenomena of hearing voices that many of us have experienced, but do not, unlike the characters in the Iliad and Odyssey claim the "voices" as messages (or council) from one or more gods. Some have had the unfortunate experience of having their "hearing voices" encounters defined as a form of mental illness. If they are at an impressionable age, such a definition may have a debilitating effect on their self regard for a long time to come. Let me be more explicit:
The Hearing of Voices is a Normal process of mental activity that many (if not in fact all of us,) experience at one time or another. It is not mental illness but an indication of a mental process in development! Some of us are just more sensitively aware, more cognizant of the "hearing voices" activity. Some realize that the "hearing of voices" is taken too literally and encompasses variations of this definition. For example, one person interprets the "hearing of voices" to be on the order of being like the activity of listening to one or more people standing or sitting nearby, while someone else interprets this to mean sounds which portray human voice patterns. A third person might interpret "hearing voices" to be like that of a repeating song in one's head, or like the incessant "I can't stop my brain from thinking" experience that so many people have encountered in their life. Sometimes the voice or voices may sound as if they are nearby and at other times they sound more distant, if not entirely indistinct.
Far too many people define "voice" in a simplistic fashion until they are made aware of other types of definitions. For example, we can say a babbling brook has a voice, or the roar of a lion is a vocal expression. We also claim that tires can screech while this term is also used to describe a loud human cry. Or how about a parrot that says the old generation wanted a cracker but the new generation wants a donut. Is the parrot actually speaking with a human voice or merely exhibiting sounds that give us the impression of such? Are we to argue that a parrot has human vocal cords an a human brain, or merely the capacity to mimic a certain range of sounds that we interpret as being similar to human vocal sounds? Let us be clear, that the human voice is a variety of sounds that we interpret and define to be intelligible speech. Some politicians notwithstanding.
Alternatively, the old phrase "silence is golden" may have arisen due to the absence of one or more voices being heard on a continual basis, even though some might want to consider its arrival coincided with the advent of American music experimentation. For Helen Keller, the world spoke to her through touch, if not through voices only she could describe, though she lived during a time when the idea of "hearing voices" was not understood as a developmental transition in human cognition. Thus, she would have been forced to keep silent about a personally experienced event that might otherwise be viewed in a negative way. Yet the present day and age is not much different when it comes to a wider appreciation of what the "I hear voices" phenomena may mean in a much larger, non-mental illness defined way. Regrettably, individual tragedies occur when a person who is cognizant of their "hearing voices" experience lives amongst those who have not begun to think in much wider terms than typical socio-educational considerations and whose self-esteem is measured by how effective they are in belittling, demeaning, or otherwise subjugating another to a level of disparagement that makes them feel better about themselves. (They knock people [or property] down to build themselves up.)
But let me be clear, if you hear voices... fine. If you don't hear voices... that is fine too. One way or the other doesn't mean you are less or more than the other. If you want to interpret the presence or absence of hearing voices as an indication of being superior or inferior, then that is your own individual notion. The point to be made is to appreciate it in context. Do the voices increase or decrease when you are alone, with others, someplace familiar, someplace new, when you've eaten, drank, etc., etc., etc...
If you tell one or more people you're hearing voices and they interpret the occurrence in a negative way, you might very well be directed towards talking to a counselor or psychologist whose education about the phenomena may be as antiquated as a stone artifact found at an archaeological dig. And if you tell them so, they might very well get angry because you've attacked their dignity. They may then intentionally diagnose you in an unfavorable way simply because you were not intimidated by their "professional" self-regard status. Someone such as yourself needs to have experiences with more intelligent people; if not through actual contact, then through correspondence or by acquiring education via schooling or being self-taught such as through a general public or university library.
The normal behavior of encountering a "voice" or "voices" becomes a concern only if the one or more voices are interpreted to represent a good or evil commandment or suggestion that persuades you to do something harmful to yourself or others or property thereof. Typically, the voice or "voices" are nothing more than the hearing of one's name from what appears to be an external source. For example, we hear a sound that our brain interprets to be someone saying our name, where in fact it may only be a sound with a similar pitch to the voice of someone who has frequently said our name. On other occasions the voice or voices may appear to be from a more internalized source called our own brain. It should be no surprise that our brain has the capacity to echo the (recorded) voice of one or more others, including ourselves, whether or not the person or persons are in our actual presence. Many different things inside as well as outside our bodies may trigger a recall leading to what may be called a "voice." For example, many of us have been awakened at night to what at first sounds to be a crying baby, only to discover (when we achieve a greater level of consciousness) that it is a cat!
Many people will flat out claim that they don't and never have heard a so-called "voice" or "voices," and those that do are lying or insane. The reason such people don't hear a voice is because the voice or voices are obscured by the so-called normal activity of listening to music or some other form of auditory sound production such as television, movies, concerts, crowded restaurants, shopping centers, radio broadcasts, sports events, bars, parties, etc. Such activities conceal the fact that the hearing of one or more voices takes place more commonly than most people are aware of. We are buried with sound. We can't go into a store without encountering music with or without a vocal accompaniment. Very often music itself will trigger a recall of the words to a song. Hence, the experience of "hearing one or more voices" is obscured by hearing one or more other voices. One form of "hearing voices" is simply being substituted with another form of "hearing voices." If we say that ancient peoples shared in a socially accepted form of wide-spread mental illness, then our present "hearing voices" substitutions is also a wide-spread socially accepted form of mental illness. However, I hope it is understood by now that I am describing the "hearing voices phenomena" as nothing more than a process of human mental development, irrespective if you want to further define it as mental health or mental illness.
I once encountered a teenager of about 15 years of age who told me that he heard a voice that told him to run naked down the middle of a street. I said, so what? Do you want to run naked down a street?, I queried. When he said no, I then said the next time the voice suggests or tells you to do something you think is stupid, tell it to go first. If the voice is so anxious for someone to run naked down a street, you tell it to go and you will catch up with it later. The teenager laughed and was put at ease when I didn't interpret their "voice encounter" as an indication that something was wrong with them. The voice disappeared from the teenager's mental development experiences a short while thereafter.
But those people living during the time of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, if we can believe in the Homerian account provided, socially accepted their voices as a communication from one or more gods. Yes, we of today might very well describe such a state as mental illness by using the descriptive terms neurotic, schizophrenic, or even psychotic, but this doesn't change the fact that and individual's voices were thought to be the actual presence of a superior being, with "superior" variously described as having one or more superior-to-human abilities, if not in body than in mind.
This idea of there being forces, creatures or entities superior to ourselves may be an extension of the "hearing voices" phenomena. In other words, it is a world-wide indication of a mind, a consciousness in development. In present day medical terminology, it may well describe varying flavors of mental illness. Whereas some cultures have ideas about certain superior humans being able to control the elements of fire, water, earth, and air, others discuss the control of space and overall matter. Still others can travel through time, through presumed dimensional space, and at speeds faster than the speed of light. Some beings are super strong, others can fly, and still others can change form or disappear. These modern instances are just variations of the superior abilities that ancient peoples considered their gods to possess. In other words, the human mind is not only in development, it would appear to be stuck in a particular phase. In a sense, humanity won't grow up.
However, instead of a superior being such as a god that is able to travel vast distances, it is ourselves who now do so with the assistance of superior technology. Technology, for some, is their god. Be it a faster computer, faster vehicle, stronger steel, more flexible product, louder speakers, quieter operation, more durable material, etc... All of which do not change the fact that many people still encounter one or more voices, most of which may not become described as a "muse." They are simply not aware of their brain's true developmental stage because one or more voices is obscured by present day acceptable methods of "obscuritization." The ancient Greeks did not have our many present day distractions to obscure their "voice hearing experiences." If we were to take a group of people from the present and transport them to an ancient age, would they then more readily hear a voice... or find some activity in that age to obscure "their" voice(s) as well? Or, like many of us, would they have one or more songs or other sounds repeat in their brain to numb any growth? Yet, a person's voice or voices may be minimal or they may be more magnified to the extent of being too over-whelming. In the case of being over-whelmed by one or more voices, the person can either describe the presence as the product of mental illness or that of a god.
Let's take a look at some expressions of a person's "hearing voices encounter" being interpreted as a message from God:
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While most of the following examples tend to reflect undesirable representations of "God speaking to people," my intent is to show that the so-called "voice of god" being described is a vestigial image of a type of mentality that was more prevalent in the past. Because this type of mental occurrence was more prevalent, it was generally more accepted in past ages to the extent there were no social sanctions against such actions. For example, if most people in a particular context exhibit insanity, then a person who is sane will be considered guilty of mental instability. In terms of killing, the presence of the "Thou shalt not Kill" law presented by Moses may in fact be the first (preserved) recording of an attempt to make killing a crime, whereas before, it may have been unwanted, but there was no law against it... Likewise with other behaviors nowadays considered to be crimes or indications of a "mental problem" that is dealt with a variety of psycho-active drugs and therapies.
However, in the past, when the [repetitive] "voice(s) in one's head" were not interpreted as some sort of communication from one or more gods to be cherished, and in fact may have been interpreted as evil, demonic, etc., a practice known as trephination (making a hole in the skull) was one of the ancient methods used to attempt a cure. In the present age, the usage of drugs and drug-like substances (such as alcohol, religion, Extremism, etc.,) are the preferred methods of attempted distraction, removal, and/or suppression. Many of these methods do indeed make the person appear to have a hole in their head for such practices.
Source for Trephination image:While various expressions of a right hemisphere dominant "Bicameral mentality" may have been tolerated more in the past because many more people shared in similar experiences or interpreted such experiences of others as being representative of something divine, it is clear that the fewer people who experience such occurrences and do not interpret such experiences of others as being "Heaven Sent," is representative of a developmental change taking place in the brains of humans in particular contexts, if not world-over. It is therefore necessary for us to keep a running log of such occurrences in order to determine where, when, by whom, etc., such "Bicameral episodes" are taking place, with respect to a direct reference to God, whether or not the person(s) is being honest about having heard God (such as those who use this as an insanity defense in a court of law.)
Such an ongoing list will help us determine whether or not these types of "Bicameral episodes":
- Occur in periodic surges
- Occur due to specific regions
- Occur more frequently to men, women, children
- Occur more frequently to certain types of men, women, children
- Occur more frequently to one race
- Are becoming less in frequency and intensity
- Are represented with a particular behavior more-so than other types
- Never (or always) occur on specific hours, days, weeks (seasons/holidays)
- Never (or always) occur during specific weather patterns
- etc...
It is said that George Bush attacked Iraq because God told him to, although the "face" seen in the destruction of the Twin Towers suggests that
Bush was in fact in league with the devil.
→ → → → → → →
Wednesday, 14 January, 2004
The self-confessed killer of Swedish Foreign Minister Anna Lindh has told a Stockholm court that voices in his head made him attack the politician.
Mijailo Mijailovic rocked slightly in his chair as he described how he saw Ms Lindh out shopping and "couldn't resist the voices". He told police that Jesus had told him to kill Ms Lindh.
13 January 2004: A man
(Lucas Tomas, 22) is recovering from minor injuries after jumping into the lion pen at an Argentine zoo and taunting the animals. Fernandez Hospital's chief
medic, Juan Carlos Ramares, said the patient told the authorities he had been ordered by "voices from God" to enter the lion's den.by Harley Sorensen
Published on Monday, July 7, 2003 by the San Francisco Chronicle
Folks, our God-fearing president, George W. Bush, who claims to start every morning on his knees praying, now says that he gets his orders from God Himself.
I kid you not.
I refer you to June 24 article by Arnon Regular in Ha'aretz, an Israeli newspaper. In the last paragraph of that article there's a Bush quote as related by Palestinian Prime Minister Mahmoud Abbas. Here, according to Abbas and Ha'aretz, is what Bush said:
God told me to strike at al Qaida and I struck them, and then he instructed me to strike at Saddam, which I did, and now I am determined to solve the problem in the Middle East. If you can help me I will act, and if not, the elections will come and I will have to focus on them.
By Chris Floyd
So now we know. After all the mountains of commentary and speculation, all the earnest debates over motives and goals, all the detailed analyses of global strategy and political ideology, it all comes to down to this: George W. Bush waged war on Iraq because, in his own words, God "instructed me to strike at Saddam."
In Tyler, Texas, Deanna LaJune Laney, 38, is accused of killing Joshua Laney, 8, and Luke Laney, 6, and injuring their 14-month-old brother, Aaron. She said God told her to.
An ex-drug dealer Kenny Carter, of Rosedale in Maryland, has been dressing as Peppy the Pepper and greeting shoppers at the Super Fresh shop where he is a community relations manager. He says God told him to do it.
March 5, 1999
ROCKFORD, Alabama (CNN) -- One of two men (Steven Mullins) accused of killing an Alabama man because he was gay said God told him to admit to the crime, authorities said. Steven Mullins, 25, and Charles Butler Jr., 21, have been charged with murder in the February 19 slaying of 39-year-old Billy Jack Gaither.
by Chuck Shepherd
January, 1997
Jack Petelui, 43, claiming to hear God, stripped down to his underwear, climbed the ornate facade of the Ansonia Hotel in New York City, resisted police efforts for more than an hour to talk him down, and finally jumped.
Cynical New Yorkers were said to be astonished at the dozens of bystanders who were actually yelling "Don't jump!"
Petelui was spared serious injury when he landed on a police department rescue airbag.
Widow Burned to Death. Kuttu Bai, 65, burned to death on her husband's funeral pyre in a village in central India on Aug. 6, in an apparent act of "Sati," or ritual burning. Fifteen people were arrested in the state of Madhya Pradhesh on charges of murder and conspiracy, including the woman's two grown sons, believed to be after their mother's property. Police said a crowd of 1,000 villagers, some throwing stones, blocked them from rescuing the woman. A woman who dies through Sati is said to become a "goddess," making it possible for villagers to cash in on her death through tourism. Source: BBC News, Aug. 8, 2002
Joan of Arc is said to have heard
God. She was murdered by the so-called "normal" people of her time.Image source:
By Beth Warren / Tennessean Staff Writer
Saturday, 8/21/99
For days, Brian Kelley, 28, had sent e-mails and phoned family and friends, saying God spoke to him and told him Jesus was going to return to earth on Aug. 15 -- about the time police believe he smothered his 13-month-old girl as a holy sacrifice.
2002:
- God told nun Lucille Poulin to beat children at her commune in Charlotte-town, Prince Edwards Island, Canada (she was convicted of assault);
- God provided artistic inspiration to Thomas Kincade, who has sold more than $450 million worth of his machine-produced paintings;
- God told a guy named Angel DeGroff that he should audition for the TV show "The Bachelor."
- Man feared `devils' were going to kill him
2003-08-09
by Kathleen R. Merrill
Journal Reporter
A Seattle man (Jacob Gamet, 32)charged with slitting his girlfriend's throat and trying to stab her friend believed God told him to do it because the two women were devils in need of eradication, according to court documents.
By Jeanne Houck, Post staff reporter
Police say an African American man (Aundre Black, 23, of Lansing, Mich.,) who stole hotdogs and orange juice from a Kroger store in Fort Mitchell before leading officers from four departments on a bizarre car chase through the parking lot claimed he was acting on orders from God.
"What he said was, God told him to go to a white neighborhood and cause trouble," said Fort Mitchell Police Sgt. Tom Loos.
Newark man tells jurors that state was sanctioning sin
Tuesday, February 15, 2000
BY Kevin Mayhood
Dispatch Staff Reporter
A street preacher who has admitted pulling down a gay-pride flag from a Statehouse pole told a jury yesterday that he was fulfilling "an assignment from God."
After he cut the rainbow flag loose and left it on the ground, "I sat there proud of myself; I'd done what I came for," said evangelist Charles Spingola of Newark, Ohio. "I was more or less bathing in the glory of it."
01/01/01-
CASTRIES, St. Lucia (AP) — Two men (20-year-old Kim John, and 34-year-old Francis Phillip) who attacked worshippers in a cathedral on this small Caribbean island, setting them ablaze and killing an Irish nun, told police they were sent by God to combat corruption in the Roman Catholic Church. "The way they're talking is that the world is going to end and that the time had come for what they had to do," police Inspector Gregory Montoute, who interrogated the men, said Monday. The suspects, both identified themselves as Rastafarians.
Sunday, September 07, 2003, 12:00 A.M.
Leonard Pitts Jr. / Syndicated columnist
Paul Hill died happily Wednesday night.
He went into the afterlife with taxpayer-supplied poisons leaking into his veins. In the hours before his execution, he told reporters he expected to receive a grand reward upon arrival in Heaven because he had done what God told him to.
When Samuel was young, he couldn’t tell the difference between hearing from God or men. Samuel, who was raised in the temple, knew a lot about God; but he didn’t know Him personally. When God called him, he thought it was Eli calling (1 Sam 3:1-10).
Finger pointing god: --- God's Busy Schedule ---
Human head: --- Stanford: Neurosciences ---
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