alongside Chirality & Symmetry
page 8
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Experimental Thinkers as of 3-27-2023
However, the human mind has not been trained to often think in terms of rhythmic pulses outside the parameter of human concerns related to a single life, or in some cases the life of the human species. We don't think of a species as an expressed type of biological rhythm which is vibrational in nature and that vibration can diminish to the point of extinction. A human ego trained to reflect the self-orientation of some religious doctrine often makes errors in judgment, though they may reflect some metaphorical representation of an actual reality disposed of wild and speculative compositions, often-times as a mirror reflection owing to the incessant use of dichotomization as a defense mechanism... for example, the thought that the Earth was center to the solar system being used to describe a presume central place of humanity to a supposed god... when in actuality the Sun was the center post. In addition, religions typically describe extremes of opposition such as the Devil to their God, Heaven to Hell, etc...
While religions themes are very much discarded by many, the ideas being espoused provide us with basic patterns of cognitive enumeration which are useful in our approach to understanding biological and other subject matter materials. For example, instead of viewing the contrasts provided by religion in the context of the definitions used and instead reduce them to the property of a dichotomy, other religious can ideas provide us with other basic patterns such instead of using the words Monotheism, Ditheism, Tritheism, Polytheism, we use the values of single, double, triple, and multiple or 1, 2, 3, many, or monism, dualism, triplex, multiplicity... etc., we come to see a recurring pattern of human cognitive activity. The point is, that we use a reductionist model as a tool to help us distinguish a recurrence that might otherwise be obscured by language meant to convey a restricted meaning when used in a specialized context. Hence, if instead of a "triplet" the language used was to say a Trinitarian oath, or a triunity formula, or triple valuation, etc., we might in fact alter the ability for some to realize such expressions as metaphors.
But let me cut to the chase about what I view as the originating source of the triplet code which has become an engrained and sustained pattern on a course of change that humanity can not do anything about. Simply put, it is the Sun's three phases or "moments" called dawn- noon- dusk. Not those that we of today recognize in an elongated fashion, but those which occurred in an accelerated fashion billions of years ago when the Earth was spinning faster and the building blocks of life were in their crude, fledgling and "pagan" orientations. And though I will repeat myself in the present discussion since I have jotting down ideas over several days during the composition, let me reference that it is of need to place oneself in the context of an environment where the sky may have had a different color, the ocean waves exceptionally high if not violent due to the closer proximity of the Moon, and the presence of a minimal or absent ozone. In one sense we can say that amino acids are backwards and are therefore the pagans of the environment or that RNA and DNA are the Pagans because they are backwards (with respect to chirality). In any case, let us also consider the possibility the RNA and DNA came from elsewhere (such as the clockwise spinning Venus) and that all or most of the building blocks of life have an external source or sources. For the moment, it matters not where or when Life's building blocks originated, what matters is the form and functionality which they took when subjected to Earth's relationship with the Moon and Sun.
- Since life as we know it requires light, we list the Sun as the primary source.
- Since amino acids spin counter-clockwise and this is the direction for the Earth, Moon, Sun and all the other planets in the vicinity except for Venus, we can
- also point to the Sun, particularly when we include the idea that light and heat are involved in their activity.
- Let us again mention the presence of an overlapping short-period 3-patterned illumination involving the three phases of the Sun.
- In addition, let us look as to how a period of light followed by a period of darkness could create an after-image, if not mirror-image effect which accentuates the impression of a light impression.
- Also, periods of water crystallization due to glaciation called the "snowball" earth hypothesis may well play a part in the photo-periodic nature of basic life materials; which helped to increase the occasion for a mosacism of life forms, though humans describe this primarily under the rubric of evolution, without suggesting that the evolutionary impetus may have been derived in a deeper past involving a predisposition due to crystallization.
If you have ever gone to a dance where strobe-lights are used or watched a television for awhile in a darkened room or stared at a computer screen for several hours before removing yourself from such experiences, you may well have had the occasion to notice yourself having a recurring image of the light events. Now imagine yourself as a sensitive and impressionable building block of life subjected to a fast spinning Earth as if it is a laboratory centrifuge being irradiated by a three-patterned light source for millions upon millions of years, that was much like an "emergent" property of consciousness when subjected to a darkened room such as the nighttime. And the fact that some organisms are sensitive to the harsh Sun to the extent they hide from it and don't come out till it is gone for the night— whereby they are thus exposed to the differential "flashing" of the Moon for millions and millions of years... whereby we have life forms that exhibit biological rhythms consistent with the vagaries of the moon's reflected light of the Sun.
Let me tell you a type of story which parallels many of the stories you may have encountered when reading about the origin of different religions. Very often you find that... at least in later eras, there is a divine pair; be they two brothers, two sisters, man and wife, man and consort, father and son, etc... In the present story we have an older brother called RNA who came to Earth after leaving his family on Venus which has a clockwise rotation, whereby RNA was similarly oriented in perspective. RNA looked about and noticed that the locals of Earth were a bunch of related Pagans who engaged in one or another type of religious practice, by way of one or another inclination. RNA then devised to take control of the situation and take into confidence three disciples called Adenine- Cytosine- Guanine, which he described as a Trinity. He also took into confidence a disciple called Uracil, whom he used as a translator and was related to Cytosine while Adenine was relate to Guanine. Hence, the composite was a monotheism involving 2 ditheisms and 1 tritheism as well as a polytheism; depending on who was analyzing the group. Together they created an RNA world and built wonderful biological (life form) monuments to the RNA god, along with having created certain monument building techniques. However, many years later, RNA's younger brother DNA came looking for him.
DNA not only wanted to emulate his older brother, but he wanted to prove himself just a bit more resourceful and ingenious. Thus, he took upon himself the same trinity of amino acids but replaced Uracil with Thymine, who was apparently more suited for the tasks DNA had in mind. And built they did. However, an observer posed the question of why the brothers had chosen only three out of the 20 or so amino acid family members. Yet, the question was evaded and instead both brothers pointed to the Earth's Sun as providing the clue which they came to embrace and reflect in their behavior. Huh? asks the bystander. The Sun is the Sun, what's the big deal? And so the story began.
We noticed that the Sun flashes three times as the Earth rotates, even though the rotation is slowing down. The three flashes are like camera flash bulbs or dance floor strobe lights which create a three-patterned impression that everyone embraces but are totally oblivious to its presence. The 3-pattern become imprinted and adopted as a taken-for-granted given that your ancestors were aware of but time and complexity have come to obscure from realization. Hence, our most sacred law is that of a 3-code. It has become so routine for everyone that it is almost invisible. However, there is a problem in that because the pattern of the Sun's triple code is changing due to a slowing Earth rotation and an eventual expansion of the Sun, all that which has lived their life by this 3-code will necessarily follow suit and perish along with it in the years to come. All ideas, all behaviors which exhibit the three-code will come to fuse, to coalesce into a singularity. If life can not adapt to the changes, it will perish, particularly when you note that the rotation rate of the Earth can be correlated with the evolutionary development of different species.
It is a fact that most planets in our immediate solar system vicinity spin counter-clockwise except for Venus. Not only the planets but we find this same phenomena amongst amino acids. However, the two sugars called RNA (Ribose Nucleic Acid) and DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) are clockwise oriented. And because there is a view which supposes that life may have gotten its start from someplace other than Earth and arrived via meteorites and/or asteroids, let us add to this the supposition that perhaps RNA and/or DNA got their start on Venus and jumped a rail car at a local meteorite express office and came to Earth and had to learn to mingle with a bunch of local pagans called amino acids who thought RNA and DNA a bit strange but accepted them anyway. In fact, they came to follow their lead, particularly when RNA proclaimed the existence of a Trinity called Adenine- Cytosine- UracilThe Triplet code of RNA (with its developmentally occurring single-strand) and DNA (with its double strand)... along with Chirality (the way they are twisted towards the right in contrast to amino acids which are twisted to the left), are basic patterns being exhibited by Nature. Indeed, the Sun... the Moon... and the Earth all spin in a left (or widdershins) direction. It is the direction that Witches have spoken of as a contrast to the recurring comments of "rightness" used by theologies of old; yet little realizing they were in fact directing their behavior towards the dominant direction in which all of life turns.
Permit me to list some accompanying thoughts, knowing the reader might themselves have one or two to add to the list:
- We don't know which, if any micro- macro- organic molecules came from one or more extra-terrestrial sources via meteorite and/or asteroid (solar wind?).
- We guess that RNA came before DNA.
- We guess at the conditions of the Early Earth, Sun and Moon.
- We refuse to acknowledge (by listing) the fundamental patterns the Early Sun-Moon-Earth system had.
- (For example, we will say there was light and darkness but don't list this as a dichotomy in relation to singles, triples, etc...)
- 1 Sun, 1 Earth, 1 Moon, 1 season? (multiple alternating single seasons such as a hot ocean/frozen ocean)
- night/day, cold glacial/hot tropical/volcanic, polarity reversal,
- Triplet photo-pattern of dawn- noon- dusk
- Triplet pattern is a 3 -in- 1 ratio that overlap as the Earth's rotation slows and Sun expands
- Did RNA and DNA begin on the planet Venus with its right-handed spin and were transported to Earth?
- All ideas and biological processes which were created by and continue to follow the influence of the Sun's three phases, may also be on course to coalesce, to fuse, to overlap as the Sun enlarges while the Earth's rotation slows. Hence, the idea of a "3 -in- 1" godhead for the Christian trinity is an example of that which will come to affect multiple other things... even... perhaps... the triple code. What happens to life as we know it as the triplet code continues to fuse?
- Humans, and this includes scientists who should know better, are Earth-centric. Just like supposed intelligent people of the past who placed kingdoms in the center of a map or placed the Earth in the center of the solar system (if not the Universe) and those who place a king/rule at the center of their focused energies, so too do we pay witness to those who are reluctant to think that life could have begun elsewhere or that the supposed God of humanity was first a go to others.
- The color of the early earth sky? orange?
- The flip-flopping polarity effect of geomagnetism.
- Macro-molecule freezing due to a snowball Earth. (Yielding crystalline structures.)
- Night/day effects.
- Hot/warm/cold effects.
- Increased washing machine (water churning tidal) effects.
We see in the building blocks of life basic patterns which can be accounted for by the interactions between the Triplex known as the Sun-Earth-Moon system. The fact that if they did not exist, life as we know it would not exist either. In a manner of speaking, they are a trinity of gods which have overseen and instructed the development of life. And although those with a religious inclination may they want to argue that their respective god oversees such processes, (whether or not organic molecules arose from elsewhere in the galaxy and came to earth via piggy-back express on a comet and/or asteroid), we might then have to consider that such a god also is part of a larger processes.
Hence, the Western Religions and Eastern Philosophies who speak in terms of a spiritual en-"light"-enment may be reference some vague impression involving the photo-electric effect in terms of photosynthesis. In a manner of speaking, the whole of their religions and philosophies are misinterpretations providing humanity with the portrait of a false god, false revelation, false salvation, false system of future reward for the assumed faithful and otherwise little more than a false mechanism of survival. To follow such religions and philosophies will lead humanity into a Black hole of despair and extinction that is rationalized into some make-believe rescue of one's soul. What an egregious mistake humanity has made and that which future generations must quickly remedy for a true salvation. All of them are blasphemous ideologies humanity must put-to-right. Religions of today must be ready for the occasion when life is created in the Laboratory, thereby effectively killing their gods and other significant focal points of worship such as the Buddha... so too will be the case for all governments who are supported by the foolishness of present day religious nonsense nurtured by rationalization tied to interpretations based on false readings of Nature.
When you discover that life requires light and look at the basic patterns of photosensitive biological activity as a recurring theme, one must necessarily think in terms of the interactions between the Sun, Moon, and Earth. Yet, the presence of these three did not manage to create a three-patterned impression on life out of which arose a sustained triple pattern. In order to take the pattern into account, one must return to the Earth billions of years ago and reference the presence of a very large moon, a low oxygen environment and a fast spinning Earth which acted as a test tube being spun at a fast rate in a centrifuge. Because different people have worked out different mathematical equations as to how fast the Earth may have been spinning billions of years ago when the early... light sensitive building blocks of life was being churned in the tidal washing machine; permit me to offer an approximate rate of being 3 times faster than the Earth revolves today. Hence, instead of the Earth spinning at 1000 miles per hour at eh Equator, it was spinning at 3000 miles per hour. This would thus present the length of a day as being 8 hours long instead of the current (just under) 24 hours. And since we divide the day into equal shares for the day and night, we have a photo-period of 4 hours and a darkroom period of 4 hours.
So there we are, you and I standing on the Earth billions of years ago in our nakedness exposed to a Sun whose light wakes us up, then intensifies, then prepares us for sleep. In other words, the Sun has three intense phases called dawn- noon- dusk. The situation is like being subjected to a three-patterned strobe light at a dance hall in an otherwise dark exterior. In fact, if one steps outside into the night to get some fresh air (so to speak), the three-patterned pulses continue to be seen as an after-effect illusion. And this occurs only have a short period of exposure. Imagine if it occurred for millions of years! Like Konrad Lorenz's goslings which became imprinted upon him, the early micro- and macro- molecules of life and subsequent substrates became imprinted with a dynamically occurring triple pattern which was adapted to by way of an adoption and mimicry. The light/dark, cold/hot contrasts are very much a part of the imprinting system which the early building blocks of life were additionally subjected to as reinforcers and direction setters. Instead of sounds like an imitated quack of a duck that Lorenz used, we have the presence of vibrations and electrical field energy. Whereas one might argue against the effects a visible spectrum might play on basic building blocks without a system of conventional eyes, the metaphor nonetheless serves to permutate other considerations to be undertaken by experimentalists. Indeed, how do different colors of light affect polarization?
If the organic micro- and macromolecules of life do not have a triplet photo-effecting influence, they may well lay around and do nothing. While you might get an amino acid or even all of them, they still need a bugle call to assemble in the direction of the environment to which they are subjected, or in an opposite direction due to their chemical makeup.
The origin of the Triplet code seen in RNA and DNA along with the right-handed twists of their "OSE" (sugar) strandedness in contrast to the left-handed twist of amino acids is quite easy to understand. For those who are unfamiliar, the "OSE" refers to the Ribose Nucleic Acid (or RNA) and the Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (or DNA) designations. The "Deoxy" part refers to having 1 less oxygen molecule. Sugars require a right-handed configuration while amino acids use a left-handed orientation. The left and right designations can be viewed as a dualism or dichotomy. In addition, let us note the presence of another dualism called the Acid/Base distinction and yet two other dualisms called aliphatic/aromatic groups and light/dark.
Chirality:
All the amino acids but glycine are chiral molecules. That is, they exist in two optically active, asymmetric forms (called enantiomers) that are the mirror images of each other. (This property is conceptually similar to the spatial relationship of the left hand to the right hand.) One enantiomer is designated D (for right handedness) and the other L (for left handedness). It is important to note that the amino acids found in proteins almost always possess only the L-configuration. This reflects the fact that the enzymes responsible for protein synthesis have evolved to utilize only the L-enantiomers. Reflecting this near universality, the prefix L is usually omitted. Some D-amino acids are found in microorganisms, particularly in the cell walls of bacteria and in several of the antibiotics. However, these are not synthesized in the ribosome.
(Dichotomy or Dualism expression:) Another important feature of free amino acids is the existence of both a basic and an acidic group at the α-carbon. ("amino acid." Encyclopædia Britannica, 2013.)
If we look at sugars we find that the (let us say "1- 2- 3- Many") classification scheme is (roughly) similar to that found in describing types of religion, and gives the impression of being a recurring cognitive theme as I go about surveying different subjects from which can be described a 3 -to- 1 ratio. By looking closely enough, the 3 -to- 1 ratio can be distinguished just as we see when we compare RNA and DNA (3 amino acids are the same and 1 for each is different):
| Sugars (saccharides) | Religions |
| Monosaccharides | Monotheism |
| Disaccharides | Ditheism (let us include dualism) |
| Oligosaccharides, which consist of three to six monosaccharide units, are rather infrequently found in natural sources, although a few plant derivatives have been identified. | Tritheism |
| Polysaccharides (the term means many sugars) represent most of the structural and energy-reserve carbohydrates found in nature. | Polytheism |
A similar classification scheme is to classify the standard (or common) amino acids is based on the polarity (that is, the distribution of electric charge) of the R group (e.g., side chain). The majority of amino acids in groups II, III, and IV are hydrophilic (“water loving”). As a result, they are often found clustered on the surface of globular proteins in aqueous solutions.("amino acid." Encyclopædia Britannica,2013.)
- Group I: Nonpolar amino acids (8 count); alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, and tryptophan. The R groups of these amino acids have either aliphatic or aromatic groups.
- Group II: Polar, uncharged amino acids (7 count); glycine, serine, cysteine, threonine, tyrosine, asparagine, and glutamine.
- Group III: Acidic amino acids (2 count); The two amino acids in this group are aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Each has a carboxylic acid on its side chain that gives it acidic (proton-donating) properties. In an aqueous solution at physiological pH, all three functional groups on these amino acids will ionize, thus giving an overall charge of -1. In the ionic forms, the amino acids are called aspartate and glutamate.
- Group IV: Basic amino acids (3 count); The three amino acids in this group are arginine, histidine, and lysine.
Biological significance
The importance of carbohydrates to living things can hardly be overemphasized. The energy stores of most animals and plants are both carbohydrate and lipid in nature; carbohydrates are generally available as an immediate energy source, whereas lipids act as a long-term energy resource and tend to be utilized at a slower rate. Glucose, the prevalent uncombined, or free, sugar circulating in the blood of higher animals, is essential to cell function. The proper regulation of glucose metabolism is of paramount importance to survival.
The ability of ruminants, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, to convert the polysaccharides present in grass and similar feeds into protein provides a major source of protein for humans. A number of medically important antibiotics, such as streptomycin, are carbohydrate derivatives. The cellulose in plants is used to manufacture paper, wood for construction, and fabrics.
Role in the biosphere
The essential process in the biosphere, the portion of the Earth in which life can occur, that has permitted the evolution of life as it now exists is the conversion by green plants of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into carbohydrates, using light energy from the Sun. This process, called photosynthesis, results in both the release of oxygen gas into the atmosphere and the transformation of light energy into the chemical energy of carbohydrates. The energy stored by plants during the formation of carbohydrates is used by animals to carry out mechanical work and to perform biosynthetic activities.
All green plants apparently photosynthesize in the same way, yielding as an immediate product the compound 3-phosphoglyceric acid; the formula, in which P represents phosphorus, is illustrated below.
Stereoisomerism
Studies by the German chemist Emil Fischer in the late 19th century showed that carbohydrates, such as fructose and glucose, with the same molecular formulas but with different structural arrangements and properties (i.e., isomers) can be formed by relatively simple variations of their spatial, or geometric, arrangements. This type of isomerism, which is called stereoisomerism, exists in all biological systems. Among carbohydrates, the simplest example is provided by the three-carbon aldose sugar glyceraldehyde. There is no way by which the structures of the two isomers of glyceraldehyde (see the formulas below, which are the so-called Fischer projection formulas that are commonly used to distinguish between such isomers) can be made identical, excluding breaking and reforming the linkages, or bonds, of the hydrogen (-H) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to the carbon at position 2. The isomers are, in fact, mirror images akin to right and left hands; the term enantiomorphism is frequently employed for such isomerism. The chemical and physical properties of enantiomers are identical except for the property of optical rotation.
As explained above, optical rotation is the rotation of the plane of polarized light. Polarized light is light that has been separated into two beams that vibrate at right angles to each other; solutions of substances that rotate the plane of polarization are said to be optically active, and the degree of rotation is called the optical rotation of the solution. In the case of the isomers of glyceraldehyde, the magnitudes of the optical rotation are the same, but the direction in which the light is rotated—generally designated as plus, or d for dextrorotatory (to the right), or as minus, or l for Levorotatory (to the left)—is opposite; i.e., a solution of D-(d)-glyceraldehyde causes the plane of polarized light to rotate to the right, and a solution of L-(l)-glyceraldehyde rotates the plane of polarized light to the left. Fischer projection formulas for the two isomers of glyceraldehyde are given below (see below Configuration for explanation of D and L).
Photosynthesis (Energy from the Sun)
The process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.
It would be impossible to overestimate the importance of photosynthesis in the maintenance of life on Earth. If photosynthesis ceased, there would soon be little food or other organic matter on Earth. Most organisms would disappear, and in time the Earth's atmosphere would become nearly devoid of gaseous oxygen. The only organisms able to exist under such conditions would be the chemosynthetic bacteria, which can utilize the chemical energy of certain inorganic compounds and thus are not dependent on the conversion of light energy.
Overall reaction of photosynthesis
In chemical terms, photosynthesis is a light-energized oxidation–reduction process. (Oxidation refers to the removal of electrons from a molecule; reduction refers to the gain of electrons by a molecule.) In plant photosynthesis, the energy of light is used to drive the oxidation of water (H2O), producing oxygen gas (O2), hydrogen ions (H+), and electrons. Most of the removed electrons and hydrogen ions ultimately are transferred to carbon dioxide (CO2), which is reduced to organic products. Other electrons and hydrogen ions are used to reduce nitrate and sulfate to amino and sulfhydryl groups in amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. In most green cells, carbohydrates—especially starch and the sugar sucrose—are the major direct organic products of photosynthesis. The overall reaction in which carbohydrates—represented by the general formula (CH2O)—are formed during plant photosynthesis can be indicated by the following equation:
This equation is merely a summary statement, for the process of photosynthesis actually involves numerous complex reactions. These reactions occur in two stages: the “light” stage, consisting of photo-chemical (i.e., light-dependent) reactions; and the “dark” stage, comprising chemical reactions controlled by enzymes (organic catalysts). During the first stage, the energy of light is absorbed and used to drive a series of electron transfers, resulting in the synthesis of the energy-rich compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the electron donor reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). During the dark stage, the ATP and NADPH formed in the light reactions are used to reduce carbon dioxide to organic carbon compounds. This assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic compounds is called carbon fixation.
Date of Origination: Monday, 6th March 2023... 4:54 AM
Initial Posting: Monday, 27th March 2023... 11:15 AM